if not modules then modules = { } end modules ['lang-tra'] = {
    version   = 1.001,
    comment   = "companion to lang-tra.mkiv",
    author    = "Hans Hagen, PRAGMA-ADE, Hasselt NL",
    copyright = "PRAGMA ADE / ConTeXt Development Team",
    license   = "see context related readme files"
}

-- The indic transliterations was researched by kauśika and after some experiments
-- we settled on the current approach (mappings and a more specific lpeg).

-- Todo: initial and final in addition to mapping so that we can do hebrew and
-- such.

local concat, setmetatableindex = table.concat, table.setmetatableindex
local nospaces = string.nospaces
local utfbyte, utfchar, utfsplit, utfvalues = utf.byte, utf.char, utf.split, utf.values
local C, Cc, Cs, lpegmatch = lpeg.C, lpeg.Cc, lpeg.Cs, lpeg.match
local utfchartabletopattern = lpeg.utfchartabletopattern
local utfcharacterpattern = lpeg.patterns.utf8character

local nuts                = nodes.nuts

local nextchar            = nuts.traversers.char

local getattr             = nuts.getattr
local setchar             = nuts.setchar
local getnext             = nuts.getnext
local isnextchar          = nuts.isnextchar

local insertafter         = nuts.insertafter
local copynode            = nuts.copy
local removenode          = nuts.remove

local texsetattribute     = tex.setattribute

local registervalue       = attributes.registervalue
local getvalue            = attributes.getvalue

local transliteration     = { }
languages.transliteration = transliteration

local a_transliteration   = attributes.private("transliteration")
local unsetvalue          = attributes.unsetvalue

local implement           = interfaces.implement
local context             = context

local zwj                 = utf.char(0x200D)

-- local lastmapping         = 0
local loadedmappings      = { }
local loadedlibraries     = { }
local exceptions          = { }

local report              = logs.reporter("transliteration")
local trace               = false  trackers.register("languages.transliteration", function(v) trace = v end)

local converters = {
--     ["iast to deva"] = function(m)
--         local t_svara          = m.svara
--         local p_svara          = utfchartabletopattern(t_svara)
--         local t_vyanjana       = m.vyanjana
--         local p_vyanjana       = utfchartabletopattern(t_vyanjana)
--         local t_maatra         = m.maatra
--         local p_maatra         = utfchartabletopattern(t_maatra)
--         local t_viraama        = m.viraama
--         local p_viraama        = utfchartabletopattern(t_viraama)
--         local t_boundary       = m.boundary
--         local p_boundary       = utfchartabletopattern(t_boundary)
--         local t_yogavaaha      = m.yogavaaha
--         local p_yogavaaha      = utfchartabletopattern(t_yogavaaha)
--         local p_svara_boundary = 1 - p_svara - p_vyanjana - p_yogavaaha
--         local p = Cs ( (
--             p_svara                     / t_svara
--           + p_vyanjana                  / t_vyanjana
--           + p_viraama                   / t_viraama
--           + p_yogavaaha                 / t_yogavaaha
--           + C(utfcharacterpattern)
--         )^0 )
--         return function(s)
--             -- for now
-- --             s = zwj .. s
--             --
--             return lpegmatch(p,s) or s
--         end
--     end,
    ["mapping"] = function(m)
        local t_mapping = m.mapping
--         inspect(t_mapping)
        if t_mapping then
            local t_exceptions = m.exceptions
            local p = Cs ( (
                utfchartabletopattern(t_mapping) / t_mapping
              + C(utfcharacterpattern)
            )^0 )
--          lpeg.print(p)
            return function(s,e)
                return (e and e[s]) or t_exceptions[s] or lpegmatch(p,s) or s
            end
        else
            return false
        end
    end,
    ["default"] = function(m)
        local t_exceptions = m.exceptions
        return function(s,e)
            return (e and e[s]) or t_exceptions[s] or s
        end
    end,
}

function transliteration.use(library)
    local lib = loadedlibraries[library]
    if lib == nil then
        -- todo: use library loader
        local data = require("lang-imp-" .. library)
        if type(data) == "table" then
            local transliterations = data.transliterations
            if transliterations then
                for name, d in table.sortedhash(transliterations) do
                    local vector = d.vector
                    if not d.exceptions then
                        d.exceptions = { }
                    end
                    if vector then
                        report("vector %a in %a is %sloaded",name,library," already")
                    else
                        d.vector = (converters[name] or converters.mapping or converters.default)(d)
                                or (converters.default)(d)
                        report("vector %a in set %a is %sloaded",name,library,"")
                    end
                    d.library   = library
                    d.name      = name
                    d.mapping   = nil -- for now, saves memory
                    loadedmappings[name] = d
                    loadedmappings[nospaces(name)] = d
                end
            else
                report("library %a has no transliterations",library)
            end
            loadedlibraries[library] = data
        else
            loadedlibraries[library] = false
        end
    end
end

local enable = false

enable = function()
    nodes.tasks.enableaction("processors", "languages.transliteration.handler")
    enable = false
end

function transliteration.register(parent,name)
    local p = exceptions[parent]
    if p then
        if trace then
            report("%a has exceptions that default to %a",name,parent)
        end
        exceptions[name] = setmetatableindex({ },p)
    else
        if trace then
            report("%a has independent exceptions",name)
        end
        exceptions[name] = { }
    end
end

function transliteration.set(name,vector)
    if enable then
        enable()
    end
    local a = registervalue(a_transliteration, {
        m = loadedmappings[vector],
        e = exceptions[name],
    })
    if trace then
        report("setting transliteration %i, name %a, vector %a",a,name,vector)
    end
    texsetattribute(a_transliteration,a)
end

function transliteration.exception(name,old,new)
    local m = loadedmappings[name]
    if m then
        m.exceptions[old] = new
    else
        local e = exceptions[name]
        if not e then
            e = { }
            exceptions[name] = e
        end
        e[old] = new
    end
end

-- When there is need I will improve the performance of the next handler.

function transliteration.handler(head)
    local aprev   = nil
    local vector  = nil
    local except  = nil
    local current = head
    local first   = nil
    local last    = nil
    local list    = { }
    local size    = 0

    -- we need a more clever one: run over small ranges in order to keep colors etc

    -- actually we can generalize the replacer elsewhere

    local function flush(nxt)
        if vector then
            -- we can do some optimization here by having the split as replacement
            local old = concat(list,"",1,size)
            local new = vector(old,except)
            if old ~= new then
                if trace then
                    report("old: %s",old)
                    report("new: %s",new)
                end
                local c = first
                local x = false
                for s in utfvalues(new) do
                    if x then
                        head, c = insertafter(head,c,copynode(first))
                        setchar(c,s)
                    else
                        setchar(c,s)
                        if c == last then
                            x = true
                        else
                            c = getnext(c)
                        end
                    end
                end
                if not x then
                    while c do
                        head, c = removenode(head,c,true)
                        if c == nxt then
                            break
                        end
                    end
                end
            end
        end
    end

    while current do
        local nxt, chr, more = isnextchar(current)
        if chr then
            local a = getattr(current,a_transliteration)
            if a then
                if a ~= aprev then
                    if first then
                        flush(nxt)
                        first = nil
                        size  = 0
                    end
                    aprev = a
                    local data = getvalue(a_transliteration,a)
                    if data then
                        local m = data.m
                        if m then
                            vector = m.vector
                            except = data.e
                        else
                            vector = nil
                            except = nil
                        end
                    else
                        vector = nil
                        except = nil
                    end
                end
                if not first then
                    first = current
                end
                last = current
                size = size + 1
                list[size] = utfchar(chr)
                if not more then
                    flush(nxt)
                    first = nil
                    size  = 0
                    -- we can go ahead one next
                end
            else
                if first then
                    flush(nxt)
                    first = nil
                    size  = 0
                end
            end
        end
        current = nxt
    end
    if first then
       flush(nxt)
    end
    return head
end

interfaces.implement {
    name      = "usetransliteration",
    public    = true,
    protected = true,
    arguments = "optional",
    actions   = transliteration.use,
}

implement {
    name      = "settransliteration",
    arguments = "2 strings",
    actions   = transliteration.set,
}

implement {
    name      = "registertransliteration",
    arguments = "3 strings",
    actions   = transliteration.register,
}

implement {
    name      = "transliterationexception",
    arguments = "3 strings",
    actions   = transliteration.exception,
}

nodes.tasks.prependaction("processors", "normalizers", "languages.transliteration.handler", nil, "nut", "disabled" )

local function transliterate(scheme,str)
    if str and str ~= "" then
        local m = loadedmappings[scheme]
        local c = m and m.vector
        context(c and c(str) or str)
    end
end

local getbuffer = buffers.getcontent

implement {
    name      = "transliterate",
    public    = true,
    protected = true,
    arguments = { "optional", "string" },
    actions   = transliterate,
}

implement {
    name      = "transliteratebuffer",
    public    = true,
    protected = true,
    arguments = { "optional", "string" },
    actions   = function(scheme,name) transliterate(scheme,getbuffer(name)) end,
}

implement {
    name      = "transliterated",
    public    = true,
    arguments = { "optional", "string" },
    actions   = transliterate,
}

implement {
    name      = "transliteratedbuffer",
    public    = true,
    arguments = { "optional", "string" },
    actions   = function(scheme,name) transliterate(scheme,getbuffer(name)) end,
}