if not modules then modules = { } end modules ['strc-ref'] = {
    version   = 1.001,
    comment   = "companion to strc-ref.mkiv",
    author    = "Hans Hagen, PRAGMA-ADE, Hasselt NL",
    copyright = "PRAGMA ADE / ConTeXt Development Team",
    license   = "see context related readme files"
}

-- beware, this is a first step in the rewrite (just getting rid of
-- the tuo file); later all access and parsing will also move to lua

-- the useddata and pagedata names might change
-- todo: pack exported data

-- todo: autoload components when :::

local format, find, gmatch, match, strip = string.format, string.find, string.gmatch, string.match, string.strip
local floor = math.floor
local rawget, tonumber, type, next = rawget, tonumber, type, next
local lpegmatch = lpeg.match
local insert, remove, copytable = table.insert, table.remove, table.copy
local formatters = string.formatters
local P, Cs, lpegmatch = lpeg.P, lpeg.Cs, lpeg.match

local allocate           = utilities.storage.allocate
local mark               = utilities.storage.mark
local setmetatableindex  = table.setmetatableindex

local trace_referencing  = false  trackers.register("structures.referencing",             function(v) trace_referencing = v end)
local trace_analyzing    = false  trackers.register("structures.referencing.analyzing",   function(v) trace_analyzing   = v end)
local trace_identifying  = false  trackers.register("structures.referencing.identifying", function(v) trace_identifying = v end)
local trace_importing    = false  trackers.register("structures.referencing.importing",   function(v) trace_importing   = v end)
local trace_empty        = false  trackers.register("structures.referencing.empty",       function(v) trace_empty       = v end)

local check_duplicates   = true

directives.register("structures.referencing.checkduplicates", function(v) check_duplicates = v end)

local report_references  = logs.reporter("references")
local report_identifying = logs.reporter("references","identifying")
local report_importing   = logs.reporter("references","importing")
local report_empty       = logs.reporter("references","empty")
local report             = report_references

local variables          = interfaces.variables
local v_page             = variables.page
local v_auto             = variables.auto
local v_yes              = variables.yes
local v_name             = variables.name

local context            = context
local commands           = commands
local implement          = interfaces.implement

local ctx_latelua        = context.latelua

local texgetcount        = tex.getcount
local texsetcount        = tex.setcount
local texconditionals    = tex.conditionals

local productcomponent   = resolvers.jobs.productcomponent
local justacomponent     = resolvers.jobs.justacomponent

local settings_to_array  = utilities.parsers.settings_to_array
local settings_to_table  = utilities.parsers.settings_to_array_obey_fences
local process_settings   = utilities.parsers.process_stripped_settings
local unsetvalue         = attributes.unsetvalue

local structures         = structures
local helpers            = structures.helpers
local sections           = structures.sections
local references         = structures.references
local lists              = structures.lists
local counters           = structures.counters

local jobpositions       = job.positions
local getpos             = jobpositions.getpos

-- some might become local

references.defined       = references.defined or allocate()

local defined            = references.defined
local derived            = allocate()
local specials           = allocate()
local functions          = allocate()
local runners            = allocate()
local internals          = allocate()
local filters            = allocate()
local executers          = allocate()
local handlers           = allocate()
local tobesaved          = allocate()
local collected          = allocate()
local tobereferred       = allocate()
local referred           = allocate()
local usedinternals      = allocate()
local flaginternals      = allocate()
local usedviews          = allocate()

references.derived       = derived
references.specials      = specials
references.functions     = functions
references.runners       = runners
references.internals     = internals
references.filters       = filters
references.executers     = executers
references.handlers      = handlers
references.tobesaved     = tobesaved
references.collected     = collected
references.tobereferred  = tobereferred
references.referred      = referred
references.usedinternals = usedinternals
references.flaginternals = flaginternals
references.usedviews     = usedviews

local splitreference     = references.splitreference
local splitprefix        = references.splitcomponent -- replaces: references.splitprefix
local prefixsplitter     = references.prefixsplitter
local componentsplitter  = references.componentsplitter

local currentreference   = nil

local txtcatcodes        = catcodes.numbers.txtcatcodes -- or just use "txtcatcodes"

local context                      = context

local ctx_pushcatcodes             = context.pushcatcodes
local ctx_popcatcodes              = context.popcatcodes
local ctx_dofinishreference        = context.dofinishreference
local ctx_dofromurldescription     = context.dofromurldescription
local ctx_dofromurlliteral         = context.dofromurlliteral
local ctx_dofromfiledescription    = context.dofromfiledescription
local ctx_dofromfileliteral        = context.dofromfileliteral
local ctx_expandreferenceoperation = context.expandreferenceoperation
local ctx_expandreferencearguments = context.expandreferencearguments
local ctx_convertnumber            = context.convertnumber
local ctx_emptyreference           = context.emptyreference

storage.register("structures/references/defined", references.defined, "structures.references.defined")

local initializers = { }
local finalizers   = { }
local somefound    = false -- so we don't report missing when we have a fresh start

function references.registerinitializer(func) -- we could use a token register instead
    initializers[#initializers+1] = func
end

function references.registerfinalizer(func) -- we could use a token register instead
    finalizers[#finalizers+1] = func
end

local function initializer() -- can we use a tobesaved as metatable for collected?
    tobesaved = references.tobesaved
    collected = references.collected
    for i=1,#initializers do
        initializers[i](tobesaved,collected)
    end
    for prefix, list in next, collected do
        for tag, data in next, list do
            local r = data.references
            local i = r.internal
            if i then
                internals[i]     = data
                usedinternals[i] = r.used
            end
        end
    end
    somefound = next(collected)
end

local function finalizer()
    for i=1,#finalizers do
        finalizers[i](tobesaved)
    end
    for prefix, list in next, tobesaved do
        for tag, data in next, list do
            local r = data.references
            local i = r.internal
            local f = flaginternals[i]
            if f then
                r.used = usedviews[i] or true
            end
        end
    end
end

job.register('structures.references.collected', tobesaved, initializer, finalizer)

local maxreferred = 1
local nofreferred = 0

local function initializer() -- can we use a tobesaved as metatable for collected?
    tobereferred = references.tobereferred
    referred     = references.referred
    nofreferred = #referred
end

-- no longer done this way

-- references.resolvers = references.resolvers or { }
-- local resolvers = references.resolvers
--
-- function resolvers.section(var)
--     local vi = lists.collected[var.i[2]]
--     if vi then
--         var.i = vi
--         var.r = (vi.references and vi.references.realpage) or (vi.pagedata and vi.pagedata.realpage) or 1
--     else
--         var.i = nil
--         var.r = 1
--     end
-- end
--
-- resolvers.float       = resolvers.section
-- resolvers.description = resolvers.section
-- resolvers.formula     = resolvers.section
-- resolvers.note        = resolvers.section
--
-- function resolvers.reference(var)
--     local vi = var.i[2]
--     if vi then
--         var.i = vi
--         var.r = (vi.references and vi.references.realpage) or (vi.pagedata and vi.pagedata.realpage) or 1
--     else
--         var.i = nil
--         var.r = 1
--     end
-- end

-- We make the array sparse (maybe a finalizer should optionally return a table) because
-- there can be quite some page links involved. We only store one action number per page
-- which is normally good enough for what we want (e.g. see above/below) and we do
-- a combination of a binary search and traverse backwards. A previous implementation
-- always did a traverse and was pretty slow on a large number of links (given that this
-- methods was used). It took me about a day to locate this as a bottleneck in processing
-- a 2500 page interactive document with 60 links per page. In that case, traversing
-- thousands of slots per link then brings processing to a grinding halt (especially when
-- there are no slots at all, which is the case in a first run).

local sparsetobereferred = { }

local function finalizer()
    local lastr, lasti
    local n = 0
    for i=1,maxreferred do
        local r = tobereferred[i]
        if not lastr then
            lastr = r
            lasti = i
        elseif r ~= lastr then
            n = n + 1
            sparsetobereferred[n] = { lastr, lasti }
            lastr = r
            lasti = i
        end
    end
    if lastr then
        n = n + 1
        sparsetobereferred[n] = { lastr, lasti }
    end
end

job.register('structures.references.referred', sparsetobereferred, initializer, finalizer)

local function referredpage(n)
    local max = nofreferred
    if max > 0 then
        -- find match
        local min = 1
        while true do
            local mid = floor((min+max)/2)
            local r = referred[mid]
            local m = r[2]
            if n == m then
                return r[1]
            elseif n > m then
                min = mid + 1
            else
                max = mid - 1
            end
            if min > max then
                break
            end
        end
        -- find first previous
        for i=min,1,-1 do
            local r = referred[i]
            if r and r[2] < n then
                return r[1]
            end
        end
    end
    -- fallback
    return texgetcount("realpageno")
end

references.referredpage = referredpage

function references.registerpage(n) -- called in the backend code
    if not tobereferred[n] then
        if n > maxreferred then
            maxreferred = n
        end
        tobereferred[n] = texgetcount("realpageno")
    end
end

-- todo: delay split till later as in destinations we split anyway

local orders, lastorder = { }, 0

local function setnextorder(kind,name)
    lastorder = 0
    if kind and name then
        local ok = orders[kind]
        if not ok then
            ok = { }
            orders[kind] = ok
        end
        lastorder = (ok[name] or 0) + 1
        ok[name] = lastorder
    end
    texsetcount("global","locationorder",lastorder)
end


local function setnextinternal(kind,name)
    setnextorder(kind,name) -- always incremented with internal
    local n = texgetcount("locationcount") + 1
    texsetcount("global","locationcount",n)
    return n
end

local function currentorder(kind,name)
    return orders[kind] and orders[kind][name] or lastorder
end

local function setcomponent(data)
    -- we might consider doing this at the tex end, just like prefix
    local component = productcomponent()
    if component then
        local references = data and data.references
        if references then
            references.component = component
            if references.prefix == component then
                references.prefix = nil
            end
        end
        return component
    end
    -- but for the moment we do it here (experiment)
end

references.setnextorder    = setnextorder
references.setnextinternal = setnextinternal
references.currentorder    = currentorder
references.setcomponent    = setcomponent

implement {
    name      = "setnextreferenceorder",
    actions   = setnextorder,
    arguments = "2 strings",
}

implement {
    name      = "setnextinternalreference",
    actions   = setnextinternal,
    arguments = "2 strings",
}

implement {
    name      = "currentreferenceorder",
    actions = { currentorder, context },
    arguments = "2 strings",
}

local reported = setmetatableindex("table")

function references.set(data)
    local references = data.references
    local reference  = references.reference
    if not reference or reference == "" then
     -- report_references("invalid reference") -- harmless
        return 0
    end
    local prefix = references.prefix or ""
    local pd     = tobesaved[prefix] -- nicer is a metatable
    if not pd then
        pd = { }
        tobesaved[prefix] = pd
    end
    local n = 0
    local function action(ref)
        if ref == "" then
            -- skip
        elseif check_duplicates and pd[ref] then
            if not prefix then
                prefix = ""
            end
            if not reported[prefix][ref] then
                if prefix ~= "" then
                    report_references("redundant reference %a in namespace %a",ref,prefix)
                else
                    report_references("redundant reference %a",ref)
                end
                reported[prefix][ref] = true
            end
        else
            n = n + 1
            pd[ref] = data
            local r = data.references
            ctx_dofinishreference(prefix or "",ref or "",r and r.internal or 0)
         -- ctx_latelua(function() structures.references.enhance(prefix or ref,ref or "") end)
        end
    end
    process_settings(reference,action)
    return n > 0
end

-- function references.enhance(prefix,tag)
--     local l = tobesaved[prefix][tag]
--     if l then
--         l.references.realpage = texgetcount("realpageno")
--     end
-- end

local function synchronizepage(reference) -- non public helper
    reference.realpage = texgetcount("realpageno")
    if jobpositions.used() then
        reference.x, reference.y = getpos()
    end
end

references.synchronizepage = synchronizepage

local function enhancereference(specification)
    local prefix = specification.prefix
    if prefix then
        local entry = tobesaved[prefix]
        if entry then
            entry = entry[specification.tag]
            if entry then
                synchronizepage(entry.references)
            else
                -- normally a bug
            end
        else
            -- normally a bug
        end
    else
        -- normally a bug
    end
end

references.enhance = enhancereference

-- implement {
--     name      = "enhancereference",
--     arguments = "2 strings",
--     actions   = function(prefix,tag)
--        enhancereference { prefix = prefix, tag = tag }
--     end,
-- }

implement {
    name      = "deferredenhancereference",
    arguments = "2 strings",
    protected = true,
    actions   = function(prefix,tag)
        ctx_latelua { action = enhancereference, prefix = prefix, tag = tag }
    end,
}

-- -- -- related to strc-ini.lua -- -- --

-- no metatable here .. better be sparse

local function register_from_lists(collected,derived,pages,sections)
    local derived_g = derived[""] -- global
    local derived_p = nil
    local derived_c = nil
    local prefix    = nil
    local component = nil
    local entry     = nil
    if not derived_g then
        derived_g = { }
        derived[""] = derived_g
    end
    local function action(s)
        if trace_referencing then
            report_references("list entry %a provides %a reference %a on realpage %a",i,kind,s,realpage)
        end
        if derived_p and not derived_p[s] then
            derived_p[s] = entry
        end
        if derived_c and not derived_c[s] then
            derived_c[s] = entry
        end
        if not derived_g[s] then
            derived_g[s] = entry -- first wins
        end
    end
    for i=1,#collected do
        entry = collected[i]
        local metadata = entry.metadata
        if metadata then
            local kind = metadata.kind -- why this check
            if kind then
                local references = entry.references
                if references then
                    local reference = references.reference
                    if reference and reference ~= "" then
                        local realpage = references.realpage
                        if realpage then
                            prefix    = references.prefix
                            component = references.component
                            if prefix and prefix ~= "" then
                                derived_p = derived[prefix]
                                if not derived_p then
                                    derived_p = { }
                                    derived[prefix] = derived_p
                                end
                            end
                            if component and component ~= "" and component ~= prefix then
                                derived_c = derived[component]
                                if not derived_c then
                                    derived_c = { }
                                    derived[component] = derived_c
                                end
                            end
                            process_settings(reference,action)
                        end
                    end
                end
            end
        end
    end
end

references.registerinitializer(function() register_from_lists(lists.collected,derived) end)

-- tracing

local function collectbypage(tracedpages)
    -- lists
    do
        local collected = structures.lists.collected
        local data      = nil
        local function action(reference)
            local prefix    = data.prefix
            local component = data.component
            local realpage  = data.realpage
            if realpage then
                local pagelist  = rawget(tracedpages,realpage)
                local internal  = data.internal or 0
                local prefix    = (prefix ~= "" and prefix) or (component ~= "" and component) or ""
                local pagedata  = { prefix, reference, internal }
                if pagelist then
                    pagelist[#pagelist+1] = pagedata
                else
                    tracedpages[realpage] = { pagedata }
                end
                if internal > 0 then
                    data.usedprefix = prefix
                end
            end
        end
        for i=1,#collected do
            local entry = collected[i]
            local metadata = entry.metadata
            if metadata and metadata.kind then
                data = entry.references
                if data then
                    local reference = data.reference
                    if reference and reference ~= "" then
                        process_settings(reference,action)
                    end
                end
            end
        end
    end
    -- references
    do
        for prefix, list in next, collected do
            for reference, entry in next, list do
                local data = entry.references
                if data then
                    local realpage = data.realpage
                    local internal = data.internal or 0
                    local pagelist = rawget(tracedpages,realpage)
                    local pagedata = { prefix, reference, internal }
                    if pagelist then
                        pagelist[#pagelist+1] = pagedata
                    else
                        tracedpages[realpage] = { pagedata }
                    end
                    if internal > 0 then
                        data.usedprefix = prefix
                    end
                end
            end
        end
    end
end

references.tracedpages = table.setmetatableindex(allocate(),function(t,k)
    if collectbypage then
        collectbypage(t)
        collectbypage = nil
    end
    return rawget(t,k)
end)

-- urls

local urls       = references.urls or { }
references.urls  = urls
local urldata    = urls.data or { }
urls.data        = urldata

local p_untexurl = Cs ( (
    P("\\")/"" * (P("%")/"%%" + P(1))
  + P(" ")/"%%20"
  + P(1)
)^1 )

function urls.untex(url)
    return lpegmatch(p_untexurl,url) or url
end

function urls.define(name,url,file,description)
    if name and name ~= "" then
     -- url = lpegmatch(replacer,url)
        urldata[name] = { url or "", file or "", description or url or file or ""}
    end
end

function urls.get(name)
    local u = urldata[name]
    if u then
        local url, file = u[1], u[2]
        if file and file ~= "" then
            return formatters["%s/%s"](url,file)
        else
            return url
        end
    end
end

function urls.found(name)
    return urldata[name]
end

local function geturl(name)
    local url = urls.get(name)
    if url and url ~= "" then
        ctx_pushcatcodes(txtcatcodes)
        context(url)
        ctx_popcatcodes()
    end
end

implement {
    name      = "doifelseurldefined",
    actions   = { urls.found, commands.doifelse },
    arguments = "string"
}

implement {
    name      = "useurl",
    actions   = urls.define,
    arguments = "4 strings",
}

implement {
    name      = "geturl",
    actions   = geturl,
    arguments = "string",
}

-- files

local files      = references.files or { }
references.files = files
local filedata   = files.data or { }
files.data       = filedata

function files.define(name,file,description)
    if name and name ~= "" then
        filedata[name] = { file or "", description or file or "" }
    end
end

function files.get(name,method,space) -- method: none, before, after, both, space: yes/no
    local f = filedata[name]
    if f then
        context(f[1])
    end
end

function files.found(name)
    return filedata[name]
end

local function getfile(name)
    local fil = files.get(name)
    if fil and fil ~= "" then
        ctx_pushcatcodes(txtcatcodes)
        context(fil)
        ctx_popcatcodes()
    end
end

implement {
    name      = "doifelsefiledefined",
    actions   = { files.found, commands.doifelse },
    arguments = "string"
}

implement {
    name      = "usefile",
    actions   = files.define,
    arguments = "3 strings"
}

implement {
    name      = "getfile",
    actions   = getfile,
    arguments = "string"
}

-- helpers

function references.checkedfile(whatever) -- return whatever if not resolved
    if whatever then
        local w = filedata[whatever]
        if w then
            return w[1]
        else
            return whatever
        end
    end
end

function references.checkedurl(whatever) -- return whatever if not resolved
    if whatever then
        local w = urldata[whatever]
        if w then
            local u, f = w[1], w[2]
            if f and f ~= "" then
                return u .. "/" .. f
            else
                return u
            end
        else
            return whatever
        end
    end
end

function references.checkedfileorurl(whatever,default) -- return nil, nil if not resolved
    if whatever then
        local w = filedata[whatever]
        if w then
            return w[1], nil
        else
            local w = urldata[whatever]
            if w then
                local u, f = w[1], w[2]
                if f and f ~= "" then
                    return nil, u .. "/" .. f
                else
                    return nil, u
                end
            end
        end
    end
    return default
end

-- programs

local programs      = references.programs or { }
references.programs = programs
local programdata   = programs.data or { }
programs.data       = programdata

function programs.define(name,file,description)
    if name and name ~= "" then
        programdata[name] = { file or "", description or file or ""}
    end
end

function programs.get(name)
    local f = programdata[name]
    return f and f[1]
end

function references.checkedprogram(whatever) -- return whatever if not resolved
    if whatever then
        local w = programdata[whatever]
        if w then
            return w[1]
        else
            return whatever
        end
    end
end

implement {
    name      = "defineprogram",
    actions   = programs.define,
    arguments = "3 strings",
}

local function getprogram(name)
    local p = programdata[name]
    if p then
        context(p[1])
    end
end

implement {
    name      = "getprogram",
    actions   = getprogram,
    arguments = "string"
}

-- shared by urls and files

function references.from(name)
    local u = urldata[name]
    if u then
        local url, file, description = u[1], u[2], u[3]
        if description ~= "" then
            return description
            -- ok
        elseif file and file ~= "" then
            return url .. "/" .. file
        else
            return url
        end
    else
        local f = filedata[name]
        if f then
            local file, description = f[1], f[2]
            if description ~= "" then
                return description
            else
                return file
            end
        end
    end
end

local function from(name)
    local u = urldata[name]
    if u then
        local url, file, description = u[1], u[2], u[3]
        if description ~= "" then
            ctx_dofromurldescription(description)
            -- ok
        elseif file and file ~= "" then
            ctx_dofromurlliteral(url .. "/" .. file)
        else
            ctx_dofromurlliteral(url)
        end
    else
        local f = filedata[name]
        if f then
            local file, description = f[1], f[2]
            if description ~= "" then
                ctx_dofromfiledescription(description)
            else
                ctx_dofromfileliteral(file)
            end
        end
    end
end

implement {
    name      = "from",
    actions   = from,
    arguments = "string"
}

function references.define(prefix,reference,list)
    local d = defined[prefix] if not d then d = { } defined[prefix] = d end
    d[reference] = list
end

function references.reset(prefix,reference)
    local d = defined[prefix]
    if d then
        d[reference] = nil
    end
end

implement {
    name      = "definereference",
    actions   = references.define,
    arguments = "3 strings",
}

implement {
    name      = "resetreference",
    actions   = references.reset,
    arguments = "2 strings",
}

setmetatableindex(defined,"table")

local function resolve(prefix,reference,args,set) -- we start with prefix,reference
    if reference and reference ~= "" then
        if not set then
            set = { prefix = prefix, reference = reference }
        else
            if not set.reference then set.reference = reference end
            if not set.prefix    then set.prefix    = prefix    end
        end
     -- local r = settings_to_array(reference)
        local r = settings_to_table(reference) -- maybe option to honor () []
        for i=1,#r do
            local ri = r[i]
            local d = defined[prefix][ri] or defined[""][ri]
            if d then
                resolve(prefix,d,nil,set)
            else
                local var = splitreference(ri)
                if var then
                    var.reference = ri
                    local vo, vi = var.outer, var.inner
                    -- we catch this here .. it's a way to pass references with commas
                    if vi == "name" then
                        local arguments = var.arguments
                        if arguments then
                            vi            = arguments
                            var.inner     = arguments
                            var.reference = arguments
                            var.arguments = nil
                        end
                    elseif var.special == "name" then
                        local operation = var.operation
                        if operation then
                            vi            = operation
                            var.inner     = operation
                            var.reference = operation
                            var.operation = nil
                            var.special   = nil
                        end
                    end
                    -- end of catch
                    if not vo and vi then
                        -- to be checked
                        d = defined[prefix][vi] or defined[""][vi]
                        --
                        if d then
                            resolve(prefix,d,var.arguments,set) -- args can be nil
                        else
                            if args then var.arguments = args end
                            set[#set+1] = var
                        end
                    else
                        if args then var.arguments = args end
                        set[#set+1] = var
                    end
                    if var.has_tex then
                        set.has_tex = true
                    end
                else
                --  report_references("funny pattern %a",ri)
                end
            end
        end
        return set
    else
        return { }
    end
end

-- prefix == "" is valid prefix which saves multistep lookup

references.currentset = nil

local function setreferenceoperation(k,v)
    references.currentset[k].operation = v
end

local function setreferencearguments(k,v)
    references.currentset[k].arguments = v
end

function references.expandcurrent() -- todo: two booleans: o_has_tex& a_has_tex
    local currentset = references.currentset
    if currentset and currentset.has_tex then
        for i=1,#currentset do
            local ci = currentset[i]
            local operation = ci.operation
            if operation and find(operation,"\\",1,true) then -- if o_has_tex then
                ctx_expandreferenceoperation(i,operation)
            end
            local arguments = ci.arguments
            if arguments and find(arguments,"\\",1,true) then -- if a_has_tex then
                ctx_expandreferencearguments(i,arguments)
            end
        end
    end
end

implement {
    name      = "expandcurrentreference",
    actions   = references.expandcurrent
}

implement {
    name      = "setreferenceoperation",
    actions   = setreferenceoperation,
    arguments = { "integer", "string" }
}

implement {
    name      = "setreferencearguments",
    actions   = setreferencearguments,
    arguments = { "integer", "string" }
}

local externals = { }

-- we have prefixes but also components:
--
-- :    prefix
-- ::   always external
-- :::  internal (for products) or external (for components)

local function loadexternalreferences(name,utilitydata)
    local struc = utilitydata.structures
    if struc then
        local external = struc.references.collected -- direct references
        local lists    = struc.lists.collected      -- indirect references (derived)
        local pages    = struc.pages.collected      -- pagenumber data
        local sections = struc.sections.collected
        -- a bit weird one, as we don't have the externals in the collected
        for prefix, set in next, external do
            if prefix == "" then
                prefix = name -- this can clash!
            end
            for reference, data in next, set do
                if trace_importing then
                    report_importing("registering %a reference, kind %a, name %a, prefix %a, reference %a",
                        "external","regular",name,prefix,reference)
                end
                local section  = reference.section
                local realpage = reference.realpage
                if section then
                    reference.sectiondata = lists[section]
                end
                if realpage then
                    reference.pagedata = pages[realpage]
                end
            end
        end
        for i=1,#lists do
            local entry      = lists[i]
            local metadata   = entry.metadata
            local references = entry.references
            if metadata and references then
                local reference = references.reference
                if reference and reference ~= "" then
                    local kind     = metadata.kind
                    local realpage = references.realpage
                    if kind and realpage then
                        references.pagedata = pages[realpage]
                        local prefix = references.prefix or ""
                        if prefix == "" then
                            prefix = name -- this can clash!
                        end
                        local section = references.section
                        if section then
                            -- we have to make sure that the right section is used, see helpers.prefix
                            if sections then
                                references.sectiondata = sections[section]
                            else
                                -- warning
                            end
                        end
                        local target = external[prefix]
                        if not target then
                            target = { }
                            external[prefix] = target
                        end
                     -- for s in gmatch(reference,"%s*([^,]+)") do
                     --     if trace_importing then
                     --         report_importing("registering %s reference, kind %a, name %a, prefix %a, reference %a",
                     --             "external",kind,name,prefix,s)
                     --     end
                     --     target[s] = target[s] or entry
                     -- end
                        local function action(s)
                            if trace_importing then
                                report_importing("registering %s reference, kind %a, name %a, prefix %a, reference %a",
                                    "external",kind,name,prefix,s)
                            end
                            target[s] = target[s] or entry
                        end
                        process_settings(reference,action)
                    end
                end
            end
        end
        externals[name] = external
        return external
    end
end

local externalfiles = { }

setmetatableindex(externalfiles, function(t,k)
    local v = filedata[k]
    if not v then
        v = { k, k }
    end
    externalfiles[k] = v
    return v
end)

setmetatableindex(externals, function(t,k) -- either or not automatically
    local filename = externalfiles[k][1] -- filename
    local fullname = file.replacesuffix(filename,"tuc")
    if lfs.isfile(fullname) then -- todo: use other locator
        local utilitydata = job.loadother(fullname)
        if utilitydata then
            local external = loadexternalreferences(k,utilitydata)
            t[k] = external or false
            return external
        end
    end
    t[k] = false
    return false
end)

local productdata = allocate {
    productreferences   = { },
    componentreferences = { },
    components          = { },
}

references.productdata = productdata

local function loadproductreferences(productname,componentname,utilitydata)
    local struc = utilitydata.structures
    if struc then
        local productreferences = struc.references.collected -- direct references
        local lists = struc.lists.collected      -- indirect references (derived)
        local pages = struc.pages.collected      -- pagenumber data
        -- we use indirect tables to save room but as they are eventually
        -- just references we resolve them to data here (the mechanisms
        -- that use this data check for indirectness)
        for prefix, set in next, productreferences do
            for reference, data in next, set do
                if trace_importing then
                    report_importing("registering %s reference, kind %a, name %a, prefix %a, reference %a",
                        "product","regular",productname,prefix,reference)
                end
                local section  = reference.section
                local realpage = reference.realpage
                if section then
                    reference.sectiondata = lists[section]
                end
                if realpage then
                    reference.pagedata = pages[realpage]
                end
            end
        end
        --
        local componentreferences = { }
        for i=1,#lists do
            local entry      = lists[i]
            local metadata   = entry.metadata
            local references = entry.references
            if metadata and references then
                local reference = references.reference
                if reference and reference ~= "" then
                    local kind     = metadata.kind
                    local realpage = references.realpage
                    if kind and realpage then
                        references.pagedata = pages[realpage]
                        local prefix    = references.prefix or ""
                        local component = references.component
                        local ctarget, ptarget
                        if not component or component == componentname then
                            -- skip
                        else
                            -- one level up
                            local external = componentreferences[component]
                            if not external then
                                external = { }
                                componentreferences[component] = external
                            end
                            if component == prefix then
                                prefix = ""
                            end
                            ctarget = external[prefix]
                            if not ctarget then
                                ctarget = { }
                                external[prefix] = ctarget
                            end
                        end
                        ptarget = productreferences[prefix]
                        if not ptarget then
                            ptarget = { }
                            productreferences[prefix] = ptarget
                        end
                        local function action(s)
                            if ptarget then
                                if trace_importing then
                                    report_importing("registering %s reference, kind %a, name %a, prefix %a, reference %a",
                                        "product",kind,productname,prefix,s)
                                end
                                ptarget[s] = ptarget[s] or entry
                            end
                            if ctarget then
                                if trace_importing then
                                    report_importing("registering %s reference, kind %a, name %a, prefix %a, referenc %a",
                                        "component",kind,productname,prefix,s)
                                end
                                ctarget[s] = ctarget[s] or entry
                            end
                        end
                        process_settings(reference,action)
                    end
                end
            end
        end
        productdata.productreferences   = productreferences -- not yet used
        productdata.componentreferences = componentreferences
    end
end

local function loadproductvariables(product,component,utilitydata)
    local struc = utilitydata.structures
    if struc then
        local lists = struc.lists and struc.lists.collected
        if lists then
            local pages = struc.pages and struc.pages.collected
            for i=1,#lists do
                local li = lists[i]
                if li.metadata.kind == "section" and li.references.component == component then
                    local firstsection = li
                    if firstsection.numberdata then
                        local numbers = firstsection.numberdata.numbers
                        if numbers then
                            if trace_importing then
                                report_importing("initializing section number to %:t",numbers)
                            end
                            productdata.firstsection = firstsection
                            structures.documents.preset(numbers)
                        end
                    end
                    if pages and firstsection.references then
                        local firstpage = pages[firstsection.references.realpage]
                        local number = firstpage and firstpage.number
                        if number then
                            if trace_importing then
                                report_importing("initializing page number to %a",number)
                            end
                            productdata.firstpage = firstpage
                            counters.set("userpage",1,number)
                        end
                    end
                    break
                end
            end
        end
    end
end

local function componentlist(tree,target)
    local branches = tree and tree.branches
    if branches then
        for i=1,#branches do
            local branch = branches[i]
            local type = branch.type
            if type == "component" then
                if target then
                    target[#target+1] = branch.name
                else
                    target = { branch.name }
                end
            elseif type == "product" or type == "component" then
                target = componentlist(branch,target)
            end
        end
    end
    return target
end

local function loadproductcomponents(product,component,utilitydata)
    local job = utilitydata.job
    productdata.components = componentlist(job and job.structure and job.structure.collected) or { }
end

references.registerinitializer(function(tobesaved,collected)
    -- not that much related to tobesaved or collected
    productdata.components = componentlist(job.structure.collected) or { }
end)

function references.loadpresets(product,component) -- we can consider a special components hash
    if product and component and product~= "" and component ~= "" and not productdata.product then -- maybe: productdata.filename ~= filename
        productdata.product = product
        productdata.component = component
        local fullname = file.replacesuffix(product,"tuc")
        if lfs.isfile(fullname) then -- todo: use other locator
            local utilitydata = job.loadother(fullname)
            if utilitydata then
                if trace_importing then
                    report_importing("loading references for component %a of product %a from %a",component,product,fullname)
                end
                loadproductvariables (product,component,utilitydata)
                loadproductreferences(product,component,utilitydata)
                loadproductcomponents(product,component,utilitydata)
            end
        end
    end
end

references.productdata = productdata

local useproduct = commands.useproduct

if useproduct then

    local function newuseproduct(product)
        useproduct(product)
        if texconditionals.autocrossfilereferences then
            local component = justacomponent()
            if component then
                if trace_referencing or trace_importing then
                    report_references("loading presets for component %a of product %a",component,product)
                end
                references.loadpresets(product,component)
            end
        end
    end

    implement {
        name      = "useproduct",
        actions   = newuseproduct,
        arguments = "string",
        overload  = true,
    }

end

-- productdata.firstsection.numberdata.numbers
-- productdata.firstpage.number

local function report_identify_special(set,var,i,type)
    local reference = set.reference
    local prefix    = set.prefix or ""
    local special   = var.special
    local error     = var.error
    local kind      = var.kind
    if error then
        report_identifying("type %a, reference %a, index %a, prefix %a, special %a, error %a",type,reference,i,prefix,special,error)
    else
        report_identifying("type %a, reference %a, index %a, prefix %a, special %a, kind %a",type,reference,i,prefix,special,kind)
    end
end

local function report_identify_arguments(set,var,i,type)
    local reference = set.reference
    local prefix    = set.prefix or ""
    local arguments = var.arguments
    local error     = var.error
    local kind      = var.kind
    if error then
        report_identifying("type %a, reference %a, index %a, prefix %a, arguments %a, error %a",type,reference,i,prefix,arguments,error)
    else
        report_identifying("type %a, reference %a, index %a, prefix %a, arguments %a, kind %a",type,reference,i,prefix,arguments,kind)
    end
end

local function report_identify_outer(set,var,i,type)
    local reference = set.reference
    local prefix    = set.prefix or ""
    local outer     = var.outer
    local error     = var.error
    local kind      = var.kind
    if outer then
        if error then
            report_identifying("type %a, reference %a, index %a, prefix %a, outer %a, error %a",type,reference,i,prefix,outer,error)
        else
            report_identifying("type %a, reference %a, index %a, prefix %a, outer %a, kind %a",type,reference,i,prefix,outer,kind)
        end
    else
        if error then
            report_identifying("type %a, reference %a, index %a, prefix %a, error %a",type,reference,i,prefix,error)
        else
            report_identifying("type %a, reference %a, index %a, prefix %a, kind %a",type,reference,i,prefix,kind)
        end
    end
end

local function identify_special(set,var,i)
    local special = var.special
    local s = specials[special]
    if s then
        local outer     = var.outer
        local operation = var.operation
        local arguments = var.arguments
        if outer then
            if operation then
                -- special(outer::operation)
                var.kind = "special outer with operation"
            else
                -- special()
                var.kind = "special outer"
            end
            var.f = outer
        elseif operation then
            if arguments then
                -- special(operation{argument,argument})
                var.kind = "special operation with arguments"
            else
                -- special(operation)
                var.kind = "special operation"
            end
        else
            -- special()
            var.kind = "special"
        end
        if trace_identifying then
            report_identify_special(set,var,i,"1a")
        end
    else
        var.error = "unknown special"
    end
    return var
end

local function identify_arguments(set,var,i)
    local s = specials[var.inner]
    if s then
        -- inner{argument}
        var.kind = "special operation with arguments"
    else
        var.error = "unknown inner or special"
    end
    if trace_identifying then
        report_identify_arguments(set,var,i,"3a")
    end
    return var
end

-- needs checking: if we don't do too much (redundant) checking now
-- inner ... we could move the prefix logic into the parser so that we have 'm for each entry
-- foo:bar -> foo == prefix (first we try the global one)
-- -:bar   -> ignore prefix

local function finish_inner(var,p,i)
    var.kind = "inner"
    var.i = i
    var.p = p
    var.r = (i.references and i.references.realpage) or (i.pagedata and i.pagedata.realpage) or 1
    return var
end

local function identify_inner(set,var,prefix,collected,derived)
    local inner = var.inner
    -- the next test is a safeguard when references are auto loaded from outer
    if not inner or inner == "" then
        return false
    end
    local splitprefix, splitinner = lpegmatch(prefixsplitter,inner)
    if splitprefix and splitinner then
        -- we check for a prefix:reference instance in the regular set of collected
        -- references; a special case is -: which forces a lookup in the global list
        if splitprefix == "-" then
            local i = collected[""]
            if i then
                i = i[splitinner]
                if i then
                    return finish_inner(var,"",i)
                end
            end
        end
        local i = collected[splitprefix]
        if i then
            i = i[splitinner]
            if i then
                return finish_inner(var,splitprefix,i)
            end
        end
        if derived then
            -- next we look for a reference in the regular set of collected references
            -- using the prefix that is active at this moment (so we overload the given
            -- these are taken from other data structures (like lists)
            if splitprefix == "-" then
                local i = derived[""]
                if i then
                    i = i[splitinner]
                    if i then
                        return finish_inner(var,"",i)
                    end
                end
            end
            local i = derived[splitprefix]
            if i then
                i = i[splitinner]
                if i then
                    return finish_inner(var,splitprefix,i)
                end
            end
        end
    end
    -- we now ignore the split prefix and treat the whole inner as a potential
    -- reference into the global list
    local i = collected[prefix]
    if i then
        i = i[inner]
        if i then
            return finish_inner(var,prefix,i)
        end
    end
    if not i and derived then
        -- and if not found we look in the derived references
        local i = derived[prefix]
        if i then
            i = i[inner]
            if i then
                return finish_inner(var,prefix,i)
            end
        end
    end
    return false
end

local function unprefixed_inner(set,var,prefix,collected,derived,tobesaved)
    local inner = var.inner
    local s = specials[inner]
    if s then
        var.kind = "special"
    else
        local i = (collected and collected[""] and collected[""][inner]) or
                  (derived   and derived  [""] and derived  [""][inner]) or
                  (tobesaved and tobesaved[""] and tobesaved[""][inner])
        if i then
            var.kind = "inner"
            var.p    = ""
            var.i    = i
            var.r    = (i.references and i.references.realpage) or (i.pagedata and i.pagedata.realpage) or 1
        else
            var.error = "unknown inner or special"
        end
    end
    return var
end

local function identify_outer(set,var,i)
    local outer    = var.outer
    local inner    = var.inner
    local external = externals[outer]
    if external then
        local v = identify_inner(set,var,"",external)
        if v then
            v.kind = "outer with inner"
            set.external = true
            if trace_identifying then
                report_identify_outer(set,v,i,"2a")
            end
            return v
        end
-- weird too (we really need to check how this table is build
        local v = identify_inner(set,var,var.outer,external)
        if v then
            v.kind = "outer with inner"
            set.external = true
            if trace_identifying then
                report_identify_outer(set,v,i,"2c")
            end
            return v
        end
--
        -- somewhat rubish: we use outer as first step in the externals table so it makes no
        -- sense to have it as prefix so the next could be an option
        local external = external[""]
        if external then
            local v = identify_inner(set,var,var.outer,external)
            if v then
                v.kind = "outer with inner"
                set.external = true
                if trace_identifying then
                    report_identify_outer(set,v,i,"2b")
                end
                return v
            end
        end
    end
    local external = productdata.componentreferences[outer]
    if external then
        local v = identify_inner(set,var,"",external)
        if v then
            v.kind = "outer with inner"
            set.external = true
            if trace_identifying then
                report_identify_outer(set,v,i,"2c")
            end
            return v
        end
    end
    local external = productdata.productreferences[outer]
    if external then
        local vi = external[inner]
        if vi then
            var.kind = "outer with inner"
            var.i = vi
            set.external = true
            if trace_identifying then
                report_identify_outer(set,var,i,"2d")
            end
            return var
        end
    end
    -- the rest
    local special   = var.special
    local arguments = var.arguments
    local operation = var.operation
    if inner then
        -- tricky: in this case we can only use views when we're sure that all inners
        -- are flushed in the outer document so that should become an option
        if arguments then
            -- outer::inner{argument}
            var.kind = "outer with inner with arguments"
        else
            -- outer::inner
            var.kind = "outer with inner"
        end
        var.i = inner
        var.f = outer
        if type(inner) == "table" then
            -- can this really happen?
            var.r = (inner.references and inner.references.realpage) or (inner.pagedata and inner.pagedata.realpage) or 1
        else
            var.r = 1
        end
        if trace_identifying then
            report_identify_outer(set,var,i,"2e")
        end
    elseif special then
        local s = specials[special]
        if s then
            if operation then
                if arguments then
                    -- outer::special(operation{argument,argument})
                    var.kind = "outer with special and operation and arguments"
                else
                    -- outer::special(operation)
                    var.kind = "outer with special and operation"
                end
            else
                -- outer::special()
                var.kind = "outer with special"
            end
            var.f = outer
        else
            var.error = "unknown outer with special"
        end
        if trace_identifying then
            report_identify_outer(set,var,i,"2f")
        end
    else
        -- outer::
        var.kind = "outer"
        var.f = outer
        if trace_identifying then
            report_identify_outer(set,var,i,"2g")
        end
    end
    return var
end

-- todo: avoid copy

local function identify_inner_or_outer(set,var,i)
    -- here we fall back on product data
    local inner = var.inner
    if inner and inner ~= "" then

        -- first we look up in collected and derived using the current prefix

        local prefix = set.prefix

        local v = identify_inner(set,var,set.prefix,collected,derived)
        if v then
            if trace_identifying then
                report_identify_outer(set,v,i,"4a")
            end
            return v
        end

        -- nest we look at each component (but we can omit the already consulted one

        local jobstructure = job.structure
        local components   = jobstructure and jobstructure.components
        if components then
            for c=1,#components do
                local component = components[c]
                if component ~= prefix then
                    local v = identify_inner(set,var,component,collected,derived)
                    if v then
                        if trace_identifying then
                            report_identify_outer(set,var,i,"4b")
                        end
                        return v
                    end
                end
            end
        end

        -- as a last resort we will consult the global lists

        local v = unprefixed_inner(set,var,"",collected,derived,tobesaved)
        if v then
            if trace_identifying then
                report_identify_outer(set,v,i,"4c")
            end
            return v
        end

        -- not it gets bad ... we need to look in external files ... keep in mind that
        -- we can best use explicit references for this ... we might issue a warning

        local componentreferences = productdata.componentreferences
        local productreferences = productdata.productreferences
        local components = productdata.components
        if components and componentreferences then
            for c=1,#components do
                local component = components[c]
                local data = componentreferences[component]
                if data then
                    local d = data[""]
                    local vi = d and d[inner]
                    if vi then
                        var.outer = component
                        var.i = vi
                        var.kind = "outer with inner"
                        set.external = true
                        if trace_identifying then
                            report_identify_outer(set,var,i,"4d")
                        end
                        return var
                    end
                end
            end
        end
        local component, inner = lpegmatch(componentsplitter,inner)
        if component then
            local data = componentreferences and componentreferences[component]
            if data then
                local d = data[""]
                local vi = d and d[inner]
                if vi then
                    var.inner = inner
                    var.outer = component
                    var.i = vi
                    var.kind = "outer with inner"
                    set.external = true
                    if trace_identifying then
                        report_identify_outer(set,var,i,"4e")
                    end
                    return var
                end
            end
            local data = productreferences and productreferences[component]
            if data then
                local vi = data[inner]
                if vi then
                    var.inner = inner
                    var.outer = component
                    var.i = vi
                    var.kind = "outer with inner"
                    set.external = true
                    if trace_identifying then
                        report_identify_outer(set,var,i,"4f")
                    end
                    return var
                end
            end
        end
        var.error = "unknown inner"
    else
        var.error = "no inner"
    end
    if trace_identifying then
        report_identify_outer(set,var,i,"4g")
    end
    return var
end

local function identify_inner_component(set,var,i)
    -- we're in a product (maybe ignore when same as component)
    local component = var.component
    local v = identify_inner(set,var,component,collected,derived)
    if not v then
        var.error = "unknown inner in component"
    end
    if trace_identifying then
        report_identify_outer(set,var,i,"5a")
    end
    return var
end

local function identify_outer_component(set,var,i)
    local component = var.component
    local inner = var.inner
    local data = productdata.componentreferences[component]
    if data then
        local d = data[""]
        local vi = d and d[inner]
        if vi then
            var.inner = inner
            var.outer = component
            var.i = vi
            var.kind = "outer with inner"
            set.external = true
            if trace_identifying then
                report_identify_outer(set,var,i,"6a")
            end
            return var
        end
    end
    local data = productdata.productreferences[component]
    if data then
        local vi = data[inner]
        if vi then
            var.inner = inner
            var.outer = component
            var.i = vi
            var.kind = "outer with inner"
            set.external = true
            if trace_identifying then
                report_identify_outer(set,var,i,"6b")
            end
            return var
        end
    end
    var.error = "unknown component"
    if trace_identifying then
        report_identify_outer(set,var,i,"6c")
    end
    return var
end

local nofidentified = 0

local function identify(prefix,reference)
    if not reference then
        prefix, reference = "", prefix
    end
    local set = resolve(prefix,reference)
    local bug = false
    texsetcount("referencehastexstate",set.has_tex and 1 or 0)
    nofidentified = nofidentified + 1
    set.n = nofidentified
    for i=1,#set do
        local var = set[i]
        local spe = var.special
        local fnc = functions[spe]
        if fnc then
            var = fnc(var) or { error = "invalid special function" }
        elseif spe then
            var = identify_special(set,var,i)
        elseif var.outer then
            var = identify_outer(set,var,i)
        elseif var.arguments then
            var = identify_arguments(set,var,i)
        elseif not var.component then
            var = identify_inner_or_outer(set,var,i)
        elseif productcomponent() then
            var = identify_inner_component(set,var,i)
        else
            var = identify_outer_component(set,var,i)
        end
        set[i] = var
        bug = bug or var.error
    end
    references.currentset = mark(set) -- mark, else in api doc
    if trace_analyzing then
        report_references(table.serialize(set,reference))
    end
    return set, bug
end

references.identify = identify

local unknowns, nofunknowns, f_valid = { }, 0, formatters["[%s][%s]"]

function references.valid(prefix,reference,specification)
    local set, bug = identify(prefix,reference)
    local unknown = bug or #set == 0
    if unknown then
        currentreference = nil -- will go away
        local str = f_valid(prefix,reference)
        local u = unknowns[str]
        if not u then
            if somefound then
                interfaces.showmessage("references",1,str) -- 1 = unknown, 4 = illegal
            end
            unknowns[str] = 1
            nofunknowns = nofunknowns + 1
        else
            unknowns[str] = u + 1
        end
    else
        set.highlight    = specification.highlight
        set.newwindow    = specification.newwindow
        set.layer        = specification.layer
        currentreference = set[1]
    end
    -- we can do the expansion here which saves a call
    return not unknown
end

implement {
    name      = "doifelsereference",
    actions   = { references.valid, commands.doifelse },
    arguments = {
        "string",
        "string",
        {
            { "highlight", "boolean" },
            { "newwindow", "boolean" },
            { "layer" },
        }
    }
}

logs.registerfinalactions(function()
    if nofunknowns > 0 then
        statistics.register("cross referencing", function()
            return format("%s identified, %s unknown",nofidentified,nofunknowns)
        end)
        local sortedhash = table.sortedhash
        logs.startfilelogging(report,"missing references")
        for k, v in table.sortedhash(unknowns) do
            report("%4i  %s",v,k)
        end
        logs.stopfilelogging()
        if logs.loggingerrors() then
            logs.starterrorlogging(report,"missing references")
            for k, v in table.sortedhash(unknowns) do
                report("%4i  %s",v,k)
            end
            logs.stoperrorlogging()
        end
    end
end)

-- The auto method will try to avoid named internals in a clever way which
-- can make files smaller without sacrificing external references. Some of
-- the housekeeping happens the backend side.

local innermethod        = v_auto       -- only page|auto now
local outermethod        = v_auto       -- only page|auto now
local defaultinnermethod = defaultinnermethod
local defaultoutermethod = defaultoutermethod
references.innermethod   = innermethod  -- don't mess with this one directly
references.outermethod   = outermethod  -- don't mess with this one directly

function references.setlinkmethod(inner,outer)
    if not outer and type(inner) == "string" then
        local m = settings_to_array(inner)
        inner = m[1]
        outer = m[2] or v_auto
    end
    if toboolean(inner) or inner == v_page or inner == v_yes then
        innermethod = v_page
    elseif inner == v_name then
        innermethod = v_name
    else
        innermethod = v_auto
    end
    if toboolean(outer) or outer == v_page or outer == v_yes then
        outermethod = v_page
    elseif inner == v_name then
        outermethod = v_name
    else
        outermethod = v_auto
    end
    references.innermethod = innermethod
    references.outermethod = outermethod
    function references.setlinkmethod()
        report_references("link method is already set and frozen: inner %a, outer %a",innermethod,outermethod)
    end
end

implement {
    name      = "setreferencelinkmethod",
    actions   = references.setlinkmethod,
    arguments = "string",
 -- onlyonce  = true
}

function references.getinnermethod()
    return innermethod or defaultinnermethod
end

function references.getoutermethod()
    return outermethod or defaultoutermethod
end

directives.register("references.linkmethod", function(v) -- page auto
    references.setlinkmethod(v)
end)

-- we can call setinternalreference with an already known internal or with
-- a reference/prefix specification

local destinationattributes = { }

local function setinternalreference(specification)
    local internal    = specification.internal
    local destination = unsetvalue
    if innermethod == v_auto or innermethod == v_name then
        local t         = { } -- maybe add to current (now only used for tracing)
        local tn        = 0
        local reference = specification.reference
        local view      = specification.view
        if reference then
            local prefix = specification.prefix
            if prefix and prefix ~= "" then
                local prefix = prefix .. ":" -- watch out, : here
                local function action(ref)
                    tn = tn + 1
                    t[tn] = prefix .. ref
                end
                process_settings(reference,action)
            else
                local function action(ref)
                    tn = tn + 1
                    t[tn] = ref
                end
                process_settings(reference,action)
            end
        end
        -- ugly .. later we decide to ignore it when we have a real one
        -- but for testing we might want to see them all
        if internal then
            if innermethod ~= v_name then -- innermethod == v_auto
             -- we don't want too many #1 #2 #3 etc
                tn = tn + 1
                t[tn] = internal -- when number it's internal
            end
            if not view then
                local i = references.internals[internal]
                if i then
                    view = i.references.view
                end
            end
        end
        destination = references.mark(t,nil,nil,view) -- returns an attribute
    end
    if internal then -- new
        destinationattributes[internal] = destination
    end
    texsetcount("lastdestinationattribute",destination)
    return destination
end

local function getinternalreference(internal)
    return destinationattributes[internal] or 0
end

references.setinternalreference = setinternalreference
references.getinternalreference = getinternalreference

implement {
    name      = "setinternalreference",
    actions   = setinternalreference,
    arguments = {
        {
            { "prefix" },
            { "reference" },
            { "internal", "integer" },
            { "view" }
        }
    }
}

-- implement {
--     name      = "getinternalreference",
--     actions   = { getinternalreference, context },
--     arguments = "integer",
-- }

function references.setandgetattribute(data) -- maybe do internal automatically here
    local attr = unsetvalue
    local mdat = data.metadata
    local rdat = data.references
    if mdat and rdat then
        if not rdat.section then
            rdat.section = structures.sections.currentid()
        end
        local ndat = data.numberdata
        if ndat then
            local numbers = ndat.numbers
            if type(numbers) == "string" then
                counters.compact(ndat,numbers)
            end
            data.numberdata = helpers.simplify(ndat)
        end
        local pdat = data.prefixdata
        if pdat then
            data.prefixdata = helpers.simplify(pdat)
        end
        local udat = data.userdata
        if type(udat) == "string"  then
            data.userdata = helpers.touserdata(udat)
        end
        if not rdat.block then
            rdat.block = structures.sections.currentblock()
        end
        local done = references.set(data) -- we had kind i.e .item -> full
        if done then
            attr = setinternalreference {
                prefix    = rdat.prefix,
                reference = rdat.reference,
                internal  = rdat.internal,
                view      = rdat.view
            } or unsetvalue
        end
    end
    texsetcount("lastdestinationattribute",attr)
    return attr
end

implement {
    name      = "setdestinationattribute",
    actions   = references.setandgetattribute,
    arguments = {
        {
            {
                "references", {
                    { "internal", "integer" },
                    { "block" },
                    { "view" },
                    { "prefix" },
                    { "reference" },
                },
            },
            {
                "metadata", {
                    { "kind" },
                    { "xmlroot" },
                    { "catcodes", "integer" },
                },
            },
            {
                "prefixdata", { "*" }
            },
            {
                "numberdata", { "*" }
            },
            {
                "entries", { "*" }
            },
            {
                "userdata"
            }
        }
    }
}

function references.getinternallistreference(n) -- n points into list (todo: registers)
    local l = lists.collected[n]
    local i = l and l.references.internal
    return i and destinationattributes[i] or 0
end

function references.getinternalcachedlistreference(n) -- n points into list (todo: registers)
    local l = lists.cached[n]
    local i = l and l.references.internal
    return i and destinationattributes[i] or 0
end

implement {
    name      = "getinternallistreference",
    actions   = { references.getinternallistreference, context },
    arguments = "integer"
}

implement {
    name      = "getinternalcachedlistreference",
    actions   = { references.getinternalcachedlistreference, context },
    arguments = "integer"
}


--

function references.getcurrentmetadata(tag)
    local data = currentreference and currentreference.i
    return data and data.metadata and data.metadata[tag]
end

implement {
    name      = "getcurrentreferencemetadata",
    actions   = { references.getcurrentmetadata, context },
    arguments = "string",
}

local function currentmetadata(tag)
    local data = currentreference and currentreference.i
    return data and data.metadata and data.metadata[tag]
end

references.currentmetadata = currentmetadata

local function getcurrentprefixspec(default)
    local data     = currentreference and currentreference.i
    local metadata = data and data.metadata
    return
        metadata and metadata.kind or "?",
        metadata and metadata.name or "?",
        default                    or "?"
end

references.getcurrentprefixspec = getcurrentprefixspec

-- implement {
--     name      = "getcurrentprefixspec",
--     actions   = { getcurrentprefixspec, context }, -- returns 3 arguments
--     arguments = "string",
-- }

implement {
    name      = "getcurrentprefixspec",
    actions   = function(tag)
        context("{%s}{%s}{%s}",getcurrentprefixspec(tag))
    end,
    arguments = "string",
}

local genericfilters = { }
local userfilters    = { }
local textfilters    = { }
local fullfilters    = { }
local sectionfilters = { }

filters.generic = genericfilters
filters.user    = userfilters
filters.text    = textfilters
filters.full    = fullfilters
filters.section = sectionfilters

local function filterreference(name,prefixspec,numberspec) -- number page title ...
    local data = currentreference and currentreference.i -- maybe we should take realpage from here
    if data then
        if name == "realpage" then
            local cs = references.analyze() -- normally already analyzed but also sets state
            context(tonumber(cs.realpage) or 0)
        else -- assumes data is table
            local kind = type(data) == "table" and data.metadata and data.metadata.kind
            if kind then
                local filter = filters[kind] or genericfilters
                filter = filter and (filter[name] or filter.unknown or genericfilters[name] or genericfilters.unknown)
                if filter then
                    if trace_referencing then
                        report_references("name %a, kind %a, using dedicated filter",name,kind)
                    end
                    filter(data,name,prefixspec,numberspec)
                elseif trace_referencing then
                    report_references("name %a, kind %a, using generic filter",name,kind)
                end
            elseif trace_referencing then
                report_references("name %a, unknown kind",name)
            end
        end
    elseif name == "realpage" then
        context(0)
    elseif trace_referencing then
        report_references("name %a, no reference",name)
    end
end

local function filterreferencedefault()
    return filterreference("default",getcurrentprefixspec("default"))
end

references.filter        = filterreference
references.filterdefault = filterreferencedefault

implement {
    name      = "filterreference",
    actions   = filterreference,
    arguments = "string",
}

implement {
    name      = "filterdefaultreference",
    actions   = filterreference,
    arguments = {
        "string",    -- 'default'
        { { "*" } }, -- prefixspec
        { { "*" } }, -- numberspec
    }
}

function genericfilters.title(data)
    if data then
        local titledata = data.titledata or data.useddata
        if titledata then
            helpers.title(titledata.reference or titledata.title or "?",data.metadata)
        end
    end
end

function genericfilters.text(data)
    if data then
        local entries = data.entries or data.useddata
        if entries then
            helpers.title(entries.text or "?",data.metadata)
        end
    end
end

function genericfilters.number(data,what,prefixspec,numberspec)
    if data then
        numberdata = lists.reordered(data) -- data.numberdata
        if numberdata then
            helpers.prefix(data,prefixspec)
            sections.typesetnumber(numberdata,"number",numberspec,numberdata)
        else
            local useddata = data.useddata
            if useddata and useddata.number then
                context(useddata.number)
            end
        end
    end
end

genericfilters.default = genericfilters.text

function genericfilters.page(data,prefixspec,pagespec)
    local pagedata = data.pagedata
    if pagedata then
        local number     = pagedata.number
        local conversion = pagedata.conversion
        if not number then
            -- error
        elseif conversion then
            ctx_convertnumber(conversion,number)
        else
            context(number)
        end
    else
        helpers.prefixpage(data,prefixspec,pagespec)
    end
end

function userfilters.unknown(data,name)
    if data then
        local userdata = data.userdata
        local userkind = userdata and userdata.kind
        if userkind then
            local filter = filters[userkind] or genericfilters
            filter = filter and (filter[name] or filter.unknown)
            if filter then
                filter(data,name)
                return
            end
        end
        local namedata = userdata and userdata[name]
        if namedata then
            context(namedata)
        end
    end
end

function textfilters.title(data)
    helpers.title(data.entries.text or "?",data.metadata)
end

-- no longer considered useful:
--
-- function filters.text.number(data)
--     helpers.title(data.entries.text or "?",data.metadata)
-- end

function textfilters.page(data,prefixspec,pagespec)
    helpers.prefixpage(data,prefixspec,pagespec)
end

fullfilters.title = textfilters.title
fullfilters.page  = textfilters.page

function sectionfilters.number(data,what,prefixspec)
    if data then
        local numberdata = data.numberdata
        if not numberdata then
            local useddata = data.useddata
            if useddata and useddata.number then
                context(useddata.number)
            end
        elseif numberdata.hidenumber then
            local references = data.references
            if trace_empty then
                report_empty("reference %a has a hidden number",references.reference)
                ctx_emptyreference() -- maybe an option
            end
        else
            sections.typesetnumber(numberdata,"number",prefixspec,numberdata)
        end
    end
end

sectionfilters.title   = genericfilters.title
sectionfilters.page    = genericfilters.page
sectionfilters.default = sectionfilters.number

-- filters.note        = { default = genericfilters.number }
-- filters.formula     = { default = genericfilters.number }
-- filters.float       = { default = genericfilters.number }
-- filters.description = { default = genericfilters.number }
-- filters.item        = { default = genericfilters.number }

setmetatableindex(filters, function(t,k) -- beware, test with rawget
    local v = { default = genericfilters.number } -- not copy as it might be extended differently
    t[k] = v
    return v
end)

-- function references.sectiontitle(n)
--     helpers.sectiontitle(lists.collected[tonumber(n) or 0])
-- end

-- function references.sectionnumber(n)
--     helpers.sectionnumber(lists.collected[tonumber(n) or 0])
-- end

-- function references.sectionpage(n,prefixspec,pagespec)
--     helpers.prefixedpage(lists.collected[tonumber(n) or 0],prefixspec,pagespec)
-- end

-- analyze

references.testrunners  = references.testrunners  or { }
references.testspecials = references.testspecials or { }

local runners  = references.testrunners
local specials = references.testspecials

-- We need to prevent ending up in the 'relative location' analyzer as it is
-- pretty slow (progressively). In the pagebody one can best check the reference
-- real page to determine if we need contrastlocation as that is more lightweight.

local function checkedpagestate(n,page,actions,position,spread)
    local p = tonumber(page)
    if not p then
        return 0
    end
    if position and #actions > 0 then
        local i = actions[1].i -- brrr
        if i then
            local a = i.references
            if a then
                local x = a.x
                local y = a.y
                if x and y then
                    local jp = jobpositions.collected[position]
                    if jp then
                        local px = jp.x
                        local py = jp.y
                        local pp = jp.p
                        if p == pp then
                            -- same page
                            if py > y then
                                return 5 -- above
                            elseif py < y then
                                return 4 -- below
                            elseif px > x then
                                return 4 -- below
                            elseif px < x then
                                return 5 -- above
                            else
                                return 1 -- same
                            end
                        elseif spread then
                            if pp % 2 == 0 then
                                -- left page
                                if pp > p then
                                    return 2 -- before
                                elseif pp + 1 == p then
--                                     return 4 -- below (on right page)
                                    return 5 -- above (on left page)
                                else
                                    return 3 -- after
                                end
                            else
                                -- right page
                                if pp < p then
                                    return 3 -- after
                                elseif pp - 1 == p then
--                                     return 5 -- above (on left page)
                                    return 4 -- below (on right page)
                                else
                                    return 2 -- before
                                end
                            end
                        elseif pp > p then
                            return 2 -- before
                        else
                            return 3 -- after
                        end
                    end
                end
            end
        end
    end
    local r = referredpage(n) -- sort of obsolete
    if p > r then
        return 3 -- after
    elseif p < r then
        return 2 -- before
    else
        return 1 -- same
    end
end

local function setreferencerealpage(actions)
    if not actions then
        actions = references.currentset
    end
    if type(actions) == "table" then
        local realpage = actions.realpage
        if realpage then
            return realpage
        end
        local nofactions = #actions
        if nofactions > 0 then
            for i=1,nofactions do
                local a = actions[i]
                local what = runners[a.kind]
                if what then
                    what = what(a,actions) -- needs documentation
                end
            end
            realpage = actions.realpage
            if realpage then
                return realpage
            end
        end
        actions.realpage = 0
    end
    return 0
end

references.setreferencerealpage = setreferencerealpage

-- we store some analysis data alongside the indexed array
-- at this moment only the real reference page is analyzed
-- normally such an analysis happens in the backend code

function references.analyze(actions,position,spread)
    if not actions then
        actions = references.currentset
    end
    if not actions then
        actions = { realpage = 0, pagestate = 0 }
    elseif actions.pagestate then
        -- already done
    else
        local realpage = actions.realpage or setreferencerealpage(actions)
        if realpage == 0 then
            actions.pagestate = 0
        elseif actions.external then
            actions.pagestate = 0
        else
            actions.pagestate = checkedpagestate(actions.n,realpage,actions,position,spread)
        end
    end
    return actions
end

local function referencepagestate(position,detail,spread)
    local actions = references.currentset
    if not actions then
        return 0
    else
        local pagestate = actions.pagestate
        for i=1,#actions do
            local a = actions[i]
            if a.outer then
                pagestate = 0
                actions.pagestate = pagestate
                break
            end
        end
        if not pagestate then
            references.analyze(actions,position,spread) -- delayed unless explicitly asked for
            pagestate = actions.pagestate
        end
        if detail then
            return pagestate
        elseif pagestate == 4 then
            return 2 -- compatible
        elseif pagestate == 5 then
            return 3 -- compatible
        else
            return pagestate
        end
    end
end

implement {
    name      = "referencepagestate",
    actions   = { referencepagestate, context },
    arguments = "string"
}

implement {
    name      = "referencepagedetail",
    actions   = { referencepagestate, context },
    arguments = { "string", "boolean", "boolean" }
}

-- local function referencerealpage()
--     local actions = references.currentset
--     return not actions and 0 or actions.realpage or setreferencerealpage(actions)
-- end
--
-- implement {
--     name      = "referencerealpage",
--     actions   = { referencerealpage, context },
--  -- arguments = "string" -- hm, weird
-- }

implement {
    name      = "askedreference",
    public    = true,
    protected = true,
    actions   = function()
        local actions = references.currentset
        if actions then
            context("[p=%s,r=%s]",actions.prefix or "",actions.reference)
        end
    end
}

implement {
    name    = "referencerealpage",
    actions = function()
        local actions = references.currentset
        context(not actions and 0 or actions.realpage or setreferencerealpage(actions))
    end
}

local function referencepos(key)
    local actions = references.currentset
    local i = actions[1].i -- brrr
    local v = 0
    if i then
        local a = i.references
        if a then
            v = a[key] or 0
        end
    end
    return v
end

implement { name = "referenceposx", actions = function() context("%p",referencepos("x")) end }
implement { name = "referenceposy", actions = function() context("%p",referencepos("y")) end }

implement {
    name    = "referencecolumn",
    actions = function()
        local actions = references.currentset
        local column  = 1
        if actions then
            column = jobpositions.columnofpos(actions.realpage or setreferencerealpage(actions),referencepos("x"))
        end
        context(column or 1)
    end
}

local plist, nofrealpages

local function realpageofpage(p) -- the last one counts !
    if not plist then
        local pages = structures.pages.collected
        nofrealpages = #pages
        plist = { }
        for rp=1,nofrealpages do
            local page = pages[rp]
            if page then
                plist[page.number] = rp
            end
        end
        references.nofrealpages = nofrealpages
    end
    return plist[p]
end

references.realpageofpage = realpageofpage

function references.checkedrealpage(r)
    if not plist then
        realpageofpage(r) -- just initialize
    end
    if not r then
        return texgetcount("realpageno")
    elseif r < 1 then
        return 1
    elseif r > nofrealpages then
        return nofrealpages
    else
        return r
    end
end

-- use local ?

local pages = allocate {
    [variables.firstpage]       = function() return counters.record("realpage")["first"]    end,
    [variables.previouspage]    = function() return counters.record("realpage")["previous"] end,
    [variables.nextpage]        = function() return counters.record("realpage")["next"]     end,
    [variables.lastpage]        = function() return counters.record("realpage")["last"]     end,

    [variables.firstsubpage]    = function() return counters.record("subpage" )["first"]    end,
    [variables.previoussubpage] = function() return counters.record("subpage" )["previous"] end,
    [variables.nextsubpage]     = function() return counters.record("subpage" )["next"]     end,
    [variables.lastsubpage]     = function() return counters.record("subpage" )["last"]     end,

    [variables.forward]         = function() return counters.record("realpage")["forward"]  end,
    [variables.backward]        = function() return counters.record("realpage")["backward"] end,
}

references.pages = pages

-- maybe some day i will merge this in the backend code with a testmode (so each
-- runner then implements a branch)

runners["inner"] = function(var,actions)
    local r = var.r
    if r then
        actions.realpage = r
    end
end

runners["special"] = function(var,actions)
    local handler = specials[var.special]
    return handler and handler(var,actions)
end

runners["special operation"]                = runners["special"]
runners["special operation with arguments"] = runners["special"]

function specials.internal(var,actions)
    local v = internals[tonumber(var.operation)]
    local r = v and v.references
    if r then
        local p = r.realpage
        if p then
-- setmetatableindex(actions,r)
            actions.realpage = p
            actions.view     = r.view
        end
    end
end

specials.i = specials.internal

function specials.page(var,actions)
    local o = var.operation
    local p = pages[o]
    if type(p) == "function" then
        p = p()
    else
        p = tonumber(realpageofpage(tonumber(o)))
    end
    if p then
        var.r = p
        actions.realpage = actions.realpage or p -- first wins
    end
end

function specials.realpage(var,actions)
    local p = tonumber(var.operation)
    if p then
        var.r = p
        actions.realpage = actions.realpage or p -- first wins
    end
end

function specials.userpage(var,actions)
    local p = tonumber(realpageofpage(var.operation))
    if p then
        var.r = p
        actions.realpage = actions.realpage or p -- first wins
    end
end

function specials.deltapage(var,actions)
    local p = tonumber(var.operation)
    if p then
        p = references.checkedrealpage(p + texgetcount("realpageno"))
        var.r = p
        actions.realpage = actions.realpage or p -- first wins
    end
end

function specials.section(var,actions)
    local sectionname = var.arguments
    local destination = var.operation
    local internal    = structures.sections.internalreference(sectionname,destination)
    if internal then
        var.special   = "internal"
        var.operation = internal
        var.arguments = nil
        specials.internal(var,actions)
    end
end

-- experimental:

local p_splitter = lpeg.splitat(":")
local p_lower    = lpeg.patterns.utf8lower

-- We can cache lowercased titles which saves a lot of time, but then
-- we can better have a global cache with weak keys.

-- local lowercache = table.setmetatableindex(function(t,k)
--     local v = lpegmatch(p_lower,k)
--     t[k] = v
--     return v
-- end)

local lowercache = false

local function locate(list,askedkind,askedname,pattern)
    local kinds = lists.kinds
    local names = lists.names
    if askedkind and not kinds[askedkind] then
        return false
    end
    if askedname and not names[askedname] then
        return false
    end
    for i=1,#list do
        local entry    = list[i]
        local metadata = entry.metadata
        if metadata then
            local found = false
            if askedname then
                local name = metadata.name
                if name then
                    found = name == askedname
                end
            elseif askedkind then
                local kind = metadata.kind
                if kind then
                    found = kind == askedkind
                end
            end
            if found then
                local titledata = entry.titledata
                if titledata then
                    local title = titledata.title
                    if title then
                        if lowercache then
                            found = lpegmatch(pattern,lowercache[title])
                        else
                            found = lpegmatch(pattern,lpegmatch(p_lower,title))
                        end
                        if found then
                            return {
                                inner     = pattern,
                                kind      = "inner",
                                reference = pattern,
                                i         = entry,
                                p         = "",
                                r         = entry.references.realpage,
                            }
                        end
                    end
                end
            end
        end
    end
end

function functions.match(var,actions)
    if not var.outer then
        local operation   = var.operation
        if operation and operation ~= "" then
            local operation   = lpegmatch(p_lower,operation)
            local list        = lists.collected
            local names       = false
            local kinds       = false
            local where, what = lpegmatch(p_splitter,operation)
            if where and what then
                local pattern = lpeg.finder(what)
                return
                    locate(list,false,where,pattern)
                 or locate(list,where,false,pattern)
                 or { error = "no match" }
            else
                local pattern = lpeg.finder(operation)
                -- todo: don't look at section and float in last pass
                return
                    locate(list,"section",false,pattern)
                 or locate(list,"float",false,pattern)
                 or locate(list,false,false,pattern)
                 or { error = "no match" }
            end
        end
    end
end

-- needs a better split ^^^

-- done differently now:

function references.export(usedname) end
function references.import(usedname) end
function references.load  (usedname) end

implement { name = "exportreferences", actions =references.export }

-- better done here .... we don't insert/remove, just use a pointer

local prefixstack = { "" }
local prefixlevel = 1

local function pushreferenceprefix(prefix)
    prefixlevel = prefixlevel + 1
    prefixstack[prefixlevel] = prefix
    return prefix
end

local function popreferenceprefix()
    prefixlevel = prefixlevel - 1
    if prefixlevel > 0 then
        return prefixstack[prefixlevel]
    else
        report_references("unable to pop referenceprefix")
        return ""
    end
end

implement {
    name      = "pushreferenceprefix",
    actions   = { pushreferenceprefix, context }, -- we can use setmacro
    arguments = "string",
}

implement {
    name      = "popreferenceprefix",
    actions   = { popreferenceprefix, context }, -- we can use setmacro
}